People who immigrated to Canada are increasingly leaving the country
The study found that the country is failing to retain newcomers.
In parallel with the presentation of the immigration plan for the coming years (federal and Quebec), a joint study by the Institute for Canadian Citizenship and the Conference Board of Canada was released. And its authors come to disappointing conclusions: a significant proportion of immigrants do not stay in the country, but continue their way.
Canada's commuter emigration rate has been steadily rising since the 1980s, but 2017 and 2019 saw a sharp jump — to a level 31% above the historical average. If people continue to leave in such numbers, it could undermine Canada's strategy of using immigration to support population and economic growth.
"Retention should be a key performance indicator for Canada’s immigration strategy, given the central role that immigration is meant to play in supporting population and economic growth," the study said.
Its authors estimate that subsequent migration (out-migration of newcomers) peaks 4-7 years after arrival. This means that positive experiences upon arrival may be key to retaining immigrants in Canada and reversing the recent surge in onward migration.
Between 2001 and 2021, the proportion of residents applying for Canadian citizenship almost halved by 40%. Like all immigration decisions, decisions to migrate further are complex. According to the authors of the study, the following factors influence further migration:
- reception in Canada, e.g., economic integration, sense of belonging, racism;
- various circumstances and obligations, such as homeownership;
- individual and family preferences;
- characteristics of the migrant's country;
- immigration and economic opportunities in other countries.
Many of these parameters are beyond the control of Canadian policymakers, but some can be influenced. Collaboration across sectors and departments of government can help promote welcoming communities and meet the support needs of immigrants. Such measures can make Canada an attractive long-term home for immigrants.
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